Research Article |
Corresponding author: Michael Stiller ( stillerm@arc.agric.za ) Academic editor: Kirstin Williams
© 2021 Michael Stiller.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Stiller M (2021) New macropterous leafhopper genera and species within the tribe Bonaspeiini from the Fynbos biome of South Africa (Insecta, Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). African Invertebrates 62(1): 1-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.54721
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Two new genera of macropterous leafhoppers, tentatively included in the tribe Bonaspeiini
Afrotropical Region, Cape Floristic Region, phytophagous, shrub association
This is another contribution to the study of leafhoppers (Insecta, Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) in the Fynbos Biome of South Africa.
Numbers of examined specimens were 102 males and 74 females of Retevolatus and 51 males, 59 females and 14 nymphs of Flavorubivolatus. Dissections were made of KOH macerated specimens and examined under glycerine. Drawings were traced through camera lucida. Images were produced with Zeiss Axio Zoom V16 and Zeiss Axio Imager2 with Axiocam MRc camera. Image adjustments included crop, color brightness and contrast and unsharpen mask. Morphological terms mainly follow
Holotypes are deposited in SANC (The National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, RSA, same address as author address). Representatives of long series of paratypes will be deposited in the
Distribution analysis was done in Diva GIS and MaxEnt (
Retevolatus flexiverpus sp. nov. by present designation.
Male and female elongate, macropterous, 5.0–6.0 mm long, with brown to dark brown vermiculous or irrorate color pattern on tegmina, crown apically with paired rhomboid or amorphous dark brown markings (Figs
Habitus of Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. specimens from selected localities A dorsal, Klipheuwel, male B dorsal, Piketberg, female C lateral, Piketberg, female D dorsal, Cedarberg, female E dorsal, Driehoek farm, female F dorsal, Klipheuwel, male G dorsal, Brakwater, head, pronotum and scutellum, male H dorsal, Klipheuwel, male I dorsal, Citrusdal, male. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–F, H, I), 0.5 mm (G).
Color. Base color ochraceous to stramineous. Crown with paired rhomboid or amorphous dark brown markings at apex (Figs
Dorsal habitus of Retevolatus subspiniverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. specimens from selected localities and similar looking species of Deltocephalinae A–C R. subspiniverpus: A Nuwerus, male, unmarked tegmina B Nuwerus, male, marked tegmina C Nuwerus, female D–E undetermined and unplaced genus and species: D Biesiesfontein, male E Anenous Pass, female F–J Deltocephalinae: F Kaapsehoop, female, Dagama sp. G Kaapsehoop, male, Dagama sp. H Renosterpoort, female, indet. Selenocephalini I Buzzard Mountain, female, indet. Selenocephalini J New Agatha, male, indet. Selenocephalini. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–L).
All specimens of all species. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.97–6.00 mm. Crown length medially 0.37–0.45 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.30–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.56–0.65 mm. Head width across eyes 1.33–1.53 mm. Pronotum width 1.24–1.43 mm. Ocellus diameter 46.3–61.1 µm; interocular distance 83.8–107.8 µm. Crown angle 117.0–122.9°.
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. detail of ovipositor A valvula 2, subapex, Citrusdal B valvula 2, midsection, Citrusdal C valvula 3, base, Citrusdal D valvifer 1, Citrusdal E valvula 2, apex, Piketberg F valvula 3, apex, Citrusdal G valvula 2, subbase, Piketberg H valvula 2, midsection serration, Piketberg. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (A–H).
Tegmina with four apical cells; outer and central anteapical cells, inner anteapical cell and inner discal cells merged (Fig.
Anteromedial margin with basal AV setae short, 10–12 spine-like; intercalary setae disjunct without AV1 differentiation, 9–11, subapical AM1 longer and thicker than any setae in IC.
Retevolatus gen. nov. & sp. nov. detail of ovipositor A–C R. flexiverpus sp. nov. A valvifer 1, specimen #92, Garies B valvifer 1, specimen #99, Garies C valvula 3, apex, Garies D–K R. semicurviverpus sp. nov. detail of ovipositor, specimens from Biesiesfontein D valvula 1 E valvula 2 F valvifer 1 G valvula 2, midsection serration H valvula 2, apex, serration I valvula 3, apex J valvifer 2 K valvifer 3. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (A–C, F–J); 0.5 mm (D–E, K).
Setal formula at apex 2+2+1; apical pair subequal, shorter than long median seta, median setae with one very long and the other very narrow and about half as long. Basal seta subequal to long median seta.
Metatarsus 1 apex with four rounded platellae and one acute platella; metatarsus 2 apex with two lateral acute and two medial, rounded platellae.
Anterior abdominal apodeme with variable median lobes, rounded to angular, contiguous or separate. Lobes smaller in the female anterior apodeme.
Genitalia. Anal tube. Incised about half way into pygofer. Rectangular laterally, conical or rectangular in dorsal view (Figs
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. male genitalia and female ovipositor A aedeagus, lateral, Brakwater B aedeagus, lateral, Garies C aedeagus, lateral, Ceres D aedeagus, apex, Ceres E aedeagus, gonopore, lateral, Ceres F aedeagus, gonopore, anterior, Ceres G connective H style I subgenital plate J pygofer, Clanwilliam K pygofer, Clanwilliam L sternite 7, Garies M sternite 7, Piketberg N sternite 7, Garies O valvifer 1, left, Garies, specimen #99 P valvifer 1, right, Garies, specimen #99 Q valvifer 1, left Garies, specimen #92 R valvifer 1, right, Garies, specimen #92.
About as long as wide; fold straight to sublinear basally at about 45°, extended deeply into pygofer; anterior apodeme narrow. Process either at apex of pygofer lobe (Fig.
Pygofer lobe distinguished posteriad of point of articulation of anal tube and pygofer. Shape rounded or acute, with dorsal or ventral margins rounded or straight. Desclerotized, lobe-like process either absent (Fig.
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. male pygofer lobe, shape of process and wings A Darling, lateral B Brakwater, caudal C Wiedouw, lateral D Ceres, lateral E Ceres, lateral F Piketberg, lateral G Hermon, lateral H Klipheuwel, lateral I Klipheuwel, lateral J Garies, lobe 1, lateral K Garies, lobe 2, lateral L tegmina, Brakwater, male M hind wing, Brakwater, male.
1. Process apical, compressed, variably serrate or denticulate, posterior margin concave or straight, symmetrical or asymmetrical (Figs
2. Process ventro-basal, in lateral view concave, orientation dorsoposteriad, acuminate, tubular (Fig.
Retevolatus semicurviverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. male genitalia and female ovipositor A aedeagus, lateral B aedeagus, ventral C connective D style E pygofer, dorsal F pygofer, ventral G pygofer, lateral H pygofer lobe, lateral I subgenital plate J sternite 7 K valvifer 1, left L valvifer 1, right.
3. Process subapically on ventral margin directed posteriad, acuminate, sublinear, tubular (Fig.
Right-angled elongate triangular, 2.9–3.7 times longer than width at confluence of valve and subgenital plates. Macrosetae uniseriate, marginal (at apex) to submarginal (at base), 7–15, variable in number between left and right subgenital plate (Figs
Retevolatus subspiniverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. male genitalia and female ovipositor A aedeagus, lateral B aedeagus, apex, anterior C connective, dorsal D connective, lateral E style F pygofer, dorsal G pygofer, lateral H subgenital plate I pygofer lobe, lateral J sternite 7 K valvifer 1, left L valvifer 1, right.
Posterior margins straight, acute (Fig.
Dorsal apodeme short (up to one third of shaft); preatrium if present very short; shaft narrowly (Figs
Elongate, with elongate apophysis; length to width ratio 3.1–3.7 (ratio length from apex of apophysis to apex of medial arm (sagittal plane) to greatest width across base). Width across preapical lobe slightly wider than width at base of apophysis (Figs
Y-shaped, with narrow, Y-shaped sclerotized frame with arms and stem equidistant, desclerotized region at base of arms, arms narrow (Figs
Genital capsule. Sternite 7. Transversely rectangular (0.6–0.8 times longer than wide), with deep (depth 0.5–0.6 times greatest length of sternite 7) (Fig.
Broadly rounded dorsal and ventral margins, anterior margin obtuse or rounded, posterior margin acute, sometimes angled medioposteriad, commonly posteriad; longer than wide or as long as wide (Figs
Curvate, lanceolate (Figs
As in Fig.
Apical third serrate (Figs
Shape in all species as in Fig.
Named for the net-like color pattern of the tegmina, in Latin, and verb in apposition. Net, rete, and flying, volatus, for functional wings. Gender masculine.
This new genus is recognized by its color pattern, size and configuration of the male and female genitalia. The genus is tentatively placed in Bonaspeiini as it does not share all the features of the tribe. Similar color patterns to that of the new genus are found in the following genera of other tribes: Libengaia Linnavuori, 1969 (Opsiini), Dagama Distant (Fig.
1 | Male with pygofer with apical, short, transverse process, process variable with long or short serrations or teeth, rectangular or square (Figs |
R. flexiverpus sp. nov. |
1` | Male with pygofer with basal (Fig. |
2 |
2 | Male with pygofer with process origin basal (Fig. |
R. semicurviverpus sp. nov. |
2` | Male pygofer with process origin subapical (Fig. |
R. subspiniverpus sp. nov. |
Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Western Cape Province, Piketberg, -32.90, 18.75, 26 Oct. 1971, J.G. Theron leg.
Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “South Africa, Piketberg 26-10-71, J.G. Theron” “SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27850 (blue paper)”.
57♂♂, 48♀♀
South Africa • 1♂; Western Cape Province, between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam, Olifants River; -32.36, 18.95; 15 Oct.1931; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27849.
South Africa • 16♂♂, 4♀♀; ibid. holotype.
South Africa • 6♂♂, 5♀♀; Western Cape Province, Citrusdal; -32.6, 19.05; 9 Nov. 1971; F. Honibal leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27847.
South Africa • 1♀; Western Cape Province, Agter Witsenberg, Slagboom farm; -33.23, 19.26; 6 Jan. 1973; J.G. Theron leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27842.
South Africa • 2♂♂, 2♀♀; Western Cape Province, Citrusdal; -32.6, 19.05; 5 Nov. 1973; F. Honibal leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27848.
South Africa • 3♂♂, 1♀; Western Cape Province, Gouda; -33.31, 19.03; 30 Oct. 1974; J.G. Theron leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27845.
South Africa • 3♂♂; Western Cape Province, Hermon; -33.43, 18.96; 30 Oct. 1974; J.G. Theron leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27846.
South Africa • 9♂♂, 7♀♀; Western Cape Province, Klipheuwel; -33.56, 18.7; 24 Nov. 1974; J.G. Theron leg.; Maytenus heterophylla, Celastraceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27853.
South Africa • 1♂, 11♀♀; Western Cape Province, Garies Kamiesberg; -30.46, 18.13; 15 Oct. 1976; J.G. Theron leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27854.
South Africa • 7♂♂, 6♀♀; Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam Cedarberg; -32.5, 19.25; 21 Dec. 1976; J.G. Theron leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27844.
South Africa • 2♂♂, 2♀♀; Western Cape Province, Darling; -33.37, 18.38; 18 Dec. 1981; J.G. Theron leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27843.
South Africa • 2♀♀; Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm base of Gifberg Pass; -31.733, 18.766; 3 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; Salvia lanceolata, Lamiaceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18349.
South Africa • 1♂; Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm base of Gifberg Pass; -31.733, 18.766; 3 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; Diosma hirsuta, Rutaceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18350.
South Africa • 1♀; Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm base of Gifberg Pass; -31.733, 18.766; 3 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; Phylica oleifolia, Rhamnaceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18351.
South Africa • 1♂; Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm base of Gifberg Pass; -31.733, 18.766; 3 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping trees and shrubs at night, Passerina truncata subsp. truncata, Thymelaeaceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18352.
South Africa • 5♂♂, 6♀♀; Northern Cape Province, Oorlogskloof, Brakwater; -31.465, 19.079; 17 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; Diospyros austro-africana, Rhamnaceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27851.
Male aedeagus with shaft narrowly curvate, C-shaped, at apex with single, right-angled anteriad, sclerotized process (Fig.
Male. Measurements. n=58. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.15–5.67 mm. Length from apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.78–4.26 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.43 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.30–0.34 mm. Pronotum length 0.58–0.63 mm. Head width across eyes 1.35–1.46 mm. Pronotum width 1.25–1.36 mm. Ocellus diameter 47.0–61.6 µm; interocular distance 82.7–100.5 µm. Crown angle 117.4–122.3°.
Genitalia.Pygofer lobe.
Macrosetae dorsomedially (Fig.
Length to width 1.5–1.8 times longer than width at confluence of subgenital plate and valve. Macrosetae varying by 1–3 macrosetae between left and right side, 5–12 macrosetae (Fig.
Dorsal apodeme digitate, reflexed anteriad (Fig.
Short, ratio of length to width 2.2–2.7; stem length to arm length 1.1–1.6 (Fig.
Apophysis straight (Fig.
n=50. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.60–6.23 mm. Length from apex of crown to apex of abdomen 4.48–4.94 mm. Crown median length 0.41–0.47 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.33–0.36 mm. Pronotum length 0.62–0.68 mm. Head width across eyes 1.45–1.58 mm. Pronotum width 1.35–1.49 mm. Ocellus diameter 53.4–62.8 µm; interocular distance 89.0–109.3 µm. Crown angle 115.5–123.2°.
Sternite 7. V-shaped notch, relative depth of notch 0.49–0.60 times greatest length of sternite 7; ratio of length to width 0.65–0.81. Posterolateral margins truncate in Oorlogskloof and Garies (Fig.
Variable in roundness of margins, dorsal and ventral margins broadly rounded, anterior and posterior margins narrowly rounded (Figs
Sculpture strigate (Fig.
Similar to valvifer 2 in Figs
Whole part as in Fig.
Shape as in Fig.
Named for the sharp bend in the aedeagal shaft, in Latin. Bend, flexus, and aedeagus, verpa. Gender masculine.
Brakwater, Ceres, Citrusdal, Clanwilliam, Darling, Klipheuwel, Garies, Gouda, Hermon, Piketberg, Wiedouw, Fig.
The aedeagus of this species is strongly curved, with a right-angled anteriad apical process, that is variable in length, and broken in a number of examined specimens, specifically from Ceres and Darling. The length in most specimens depicted in Fig.
Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Northern Cape Province, South of Springbok, Biesiesfontein farm; -29.75, 17.933; 29 Sep.–3 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweep Searsia undulata, Anacardiaceae.
Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “R.S.A., Biesiesfontein farm, Springbok, -29.75, 17.933; 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller” “sweep Rhus [now Searsia] undulata, Anacardiaceae” “SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18346 (blue paper)”.
12♂♂, 10♀♀
South Africa • 11♂♂, 10♀♀; ibid. holotype. SANC,
South Africa • 1♂; ibid. holotype; 29 Sep. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; light trap; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18346.
Male aedeagus with shaft widely curvate, C-shaped, at apex with single, acutely-angled anteriad, sclerotized process; gonopore ventromediad; shaft ventrobasally to ventromedially coarsely denticulate (Fig.
n=22. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.69–5.98 mm. Length from apex of crown to apex of abdomen 4.24–4.64 mm. Crown median length 0.42–0.45 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.31–0.34 mm. Pronotum length 0.59–0.63 mm. Head width across eyes 1.45–1.51 mm. Pronotum width 1.35–1.41 mm. Ocellus diameter 47.0–58.7 µm; interocular distance 99.2–118.4µm. Crown angle 116.5–121.3°.
Pygofer lobe. Macrosetae absent, fine setae sparsely on lobe (Fig.
Length to width 2.2–2.4 times longer than width at confluence of subgenital plate and valve. Macrosetae 5–10, variable between left and right plate (Fig.
Dorsal apodeme narrow, desclerotized; preatrium reduced (Fig.
Elongate, ratio of length to width 3.2–3.5; stem length to arm length 2.2–2.6 (Fig.
Apophysis apex curved mediad; length of apophysis 0.4 times greatest length through sagittal plane (Fig.
n=15. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.91–6.12 mm. Length from apex of crown to apex of abdomen 4.37–4.87 mm. Crown median length 0.44–0.47 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.33–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.61–0.64 mm. Head width across eyes 1.51–1.57 mm. Pronotum width 1.41–1.47 mm. Ocellus diameter 53.6–61.2 µm; interocular distance 100.3–113.1 µm. Crown angle by trigonometry 116.9–120.1°.
Sternite 7. Semi-circular notch, posterior margins straight or slightly concave, fine irregular, asymmetrical denticles marginally (Fig.
Dorsal margin sublinear, ventrobasal margin sublinear, ventrodistal margin rounded, posterior margin obtuse (Fig.
Shape in Fig.
Shape in Fig.
Shape in Fig.
Shape as in Fig.
Named for the weak curve in the aedeagal shaft, in Latin. Half, semi, curved, curvus, and aedeagus, verpa. Gender masculine.
Biesiesfontein, Fig.
The aedeagus of this species is weakly curved, with an acutely angled dorsoanteriad, apical process that is constant in length, and whole in all examined specimens. The pygofer process is uniform in examined specimens, originating ventrally on the pygofer, acuminate and directed dorsoposteriad. The apophysis of the style of this species is curved mediad at its apex, and straight in R. subspiniverpus and R. flexiverpus. The deep, rounded notch of the sternite 7 of this species is distinct from the shallow or deep V-shaped notch of the other two species. The color and shape in dorsal and lateral views of this species resembles that of R. flexiverpus in Fig.
Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Western Cape Province, Nuwerus; -31.14, 18.35, 10 Nov.1971, J.G. Theron leg.
Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “South Africa, Nuwerus, 10-11-71, J.G. Theron” “SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27852” (blue paper).
29♂♂, 16♀♀
South Africa • 29♂♂, 16♀♀; ibid holotype. SANC,
Male aedeagus with shaft strongly curvate, C-shaped, subapex dorsally with single, straight, narrow, right-angled anterodorsad, sclerotized process; gonopore apical, incised between lateral margins; shaft with lateral margins coarsely denticulate (Fig.
n=28. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.51–4.75 mm. Length from apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.29–3.61 mm. Crown median length 0.34–0.36 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.28–0.30 mm. Pronotum length 0.52–0.55 mm. Head width across eyes 1.24–1.30 mm. Pronotum width 1.16–1.22 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.3–50.7 µm; interocular distance 75.0–89.0 µm. Crown angle 120.6–124.1°.
Pygofer lobe. Macrosetae absent, fine setae sparsely on lobe (Fig.
Length to width 2.0–2.2 times longer than width at confluence of subgenital plate and valve. Macrosetae 9–15, variable between left and right plate. Apex of style extended half way into subgenital plate (Fig.
Dorsal apodeme digitate, reflexed anteriad; preatrium absent; subapex dorsally with straight, right-angled, elongate, anterodorsad process (process sometimes broken, see Discussion below) (Fig.
Elongate, ratio length to width 3.4–3.7; stem length to arm length 2.1–2.3 (Fig.
Apophysis straight (Fig.
Measurements. n=15. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.97–5.23 mm. Length from apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.96–4.14 mm. Crown median length 0.38–0.41 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.31–0.33 mm. Pronotum length 0.57–0.59 mm. Head width across eyes 1.36–1.42 mm. Pronotum width 1.26–1.33 mm. Ocellus diameter 43.2–56.6 µm; interocular distance 89.3–103.9 µm. Crown angle 118.7–122.5°.
Sternite 7. V-shaped notch (Fig.
Dorsal margin widely curvate, ventral margin more strongly curvate; anterior margin rounded, posterior margin acute (Figs
Shape in Fig.
Similar to valvifer 2 in Figs
Shape in Fig.
Macrosetae 4–5 in number (Fig.
Named for the subapical position of the spine on the aedeagal shaft, in Latin. Under, subter, spine, spinus, aedeagus, verpa. Gender masculine.
Nuwerus, Fig.
The aedeagus of this species is strongly curved, with a subapical, right-angled dorsoanteriad process. Both or part of the apex and process of the shaft were damaged randomly in seven of 11 dissected of specimens, i.e. the process was broken at the base in four and broken at the apex in one specimen, and the shaft apex was partially or entirely damaged in two specimens. The pygofer process origin is ventrally and basally on the pygofer lobe, orientation posteriad, tubular and apex acuminate. The sternite 7 of this species (Fig.
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus sp. nov., by present designation.
Macropterous, with tegmina longer than abdomen, hind wing with well-developed jugal lobe (Fig.
Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. Dorsal and lateral habitus view, males, females and nymphs. A–E F. glabriverpus sp. nov. Dorsal and lateral habitus view, males, females and nymphs A Piketberg, male, dorsal B Clanwilliam, female, dorsal C Driehoek, female, dorsal D Sederberge, female, dorsal E Driehoek, female, lateral E–I F. tensiverpus sp. nov. dorsal and lateral habitus view, males, females F Cedarberg, female, dorsal G Clanwilliam, male, dorsal H Clanwilliam, female, lateral I Doltuin, female, lateral. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D, F–I).
Color. Yellow to stramineous (Fig.
Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. and Renosteria species habitus A–D F. curtiverpus sp. nov. Dorsal habitus view, males. A Clanwilliam, female, dorsal B Clanwilliam, female, dorsal C Dwarsrivier, male, dorsal D Dwarsrivier, male, dorsal E–I Renosteria species: E R. overbergia, male F R. hoekoensis, male G R. hantamensis, male, Kamieskroon H R. hantamensis, female, Nieuwoudtville I R. goudinica, male. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–I).
All specimens of all species. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 2.58–3.78 mm. Crown median length 0.44–0.54 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.31–0.36 mm. Pronotum length 0.35–0.39 mm. Head width across eyes 0.89–1.12 mm. Pronotum width 0.88–0.97 mm. Ocellus diameter 25.9–35.3 µm; interocular distance 40.3–54.1 µm. Males and females with similar dimensions. Crown angle by trigonometry 85.1–92.8°.
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. ovipositor A valvula 1 and valvifer 1, Dwarsrivier B valvula 2 and valvifer 2, Dwarsrivier C valvula 3 and valvifer 2, Dwarsrivier D valvula 2, apex, Dwarsrivier E valvula 2, midsection, Dwarsrivier F valvula 3, apex, Dwarsrivier G valvula 2, Clanwilliam H valvula 2, Sederberge I valvifer 2, Dwarsrivier J valvifer 1, Clanwilliam K valvula 2, midsection, Sederberge. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C, H); 0.05 mm (D–G, I–K).
Tegmina with four apical cells, outer and central anteapical cells (inner anteapical cell and inner discal cells merged) (Fig.
Anteromedial margin with basal 7–9 AV setae short, spine-like; intercalary setae (n=8–10) disjunct without AV1 differentiation, subapical AM1 longer and thicker than any setae in IC.
Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. ovipositor A–B F. glabriverpus sp. nov. A valvula 3, apex, Sederberge B valvula 3, apex, Sederberge C–L F. tensiverpus sp. nov. C valvula 1 and valvifer 1, Clanwilliam D valvula 2 and valvifer 2, Clanwilliam E valvula 3, Clanwilliam F valvifer 1, Clanwilliam G valvifer 2, Clanwilliam H valvula 1 and valvifer 1, Doltuin I valvula 2 apex, Doltuin J valvula 2 midsection, Doltuin K valvula 2 base, Doltuin L valvula 2, Doltuin. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (A, B, F, G, I–K); 0.5 mm (C–E, H, L).
Hind knee setal formula 2+2+1; apical pair sub equal, shorter than long median seta, median setae with one very long and the other very narrow and about half as long; basal seta longer than median and apical setae.
Metatarsus 1 apex with five rounded platellae or four rounded and one acute platellum; metatarsus 2 apex with two lateral acute and two medial rounded platellae.
Anterior abdominal apodeme with desclerotized, rounded or angulate lobes, expanded anteriad and posteriad, not wider than width of apodeme, lobes contiguous in males, separate in females.
Genitalia. Anal tube. Rectangular (Fig.
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. male genitalia, wings and ovipositor A aedeagus, dorsal B aedeagus, apex, ventral C aedeagus, dorsal D aedeagus, apex dorsal E aedeagus, lateral F aedeagus apex, lateral G connective H style I style, apex, lateral J genital capsule, dorsal K genital capsule, lateral L genital capsule, caudal M sternite 7 N pygofer lobe, process, lateral O subgenital plate P hind wing Q tegmina.
In lateral view about as long as wide (Figs
Flavorubivolatus tensiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. male genitalia and ovipositor A aedeagus, lateral, Clanwilliam B aedeagus, lateral, Doltuin C aedeagus, lateral, Clanwilliam D aedeagus, ventral, Clanwilliam E style F connective, Doltuin G connective, Clanwilliam H genital capsule, dorsal I pygofer lobe, lateral J subgenital plate K pygofer lobe, caudal L pygofer lobe, lateral M sternite 7 N pygofer lobe, caudal.
Pygofer lobe contiguous with pygofer, apex broadly rounded, with desclerotized rounded lobe (Fig.
Lateral margin sinuous, medial margin straight; either acutely triangular, apex narrowly rounded (Fig.
Flavorubivolatus curtiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. male genitalia A aedeagus, apex B aedeagus, dorsal C aedeagus, ventral D aedeagus, lateral E connective F style G genital capsule, lateral H subgenital plate, ventral I style, lateral J pygofer, dorsal K pygofer process, caudal, Sederberge L pygofer process, caudal, Dwarsrivier.
Broader than long, obtusely triangular (Figs
Shaft longer than dorsal apodeme and preatrium (when present), either tubular, concavely curvate, glabrous (Fig.
Relatively short (ratio of length to width, 1.9–2.4); anterior lateral arm either wide and apex rounded, in line with mid-section, or acuminate and obtusely angled to mid-section; anterior medial arm short; apophysis half as wide as width across preapical lobe; apophysis either scalpriform in lateral view (Fig.
Stem and arms short, of similar proportions, greatest length 0.9–1.1 times greatest width; stem 0.5–0.7 times as wide as width across arms; arms widely separated, parallel to subparallel, U-shaped with stem; stem 0.8–1.1 times longer than length of arms (Figs
Genital capsule. Sternite 7. Slightly shorter (median length) than greatest width (0.7–0.8 times longer than wide), with lateral margin convergent, posterior margin variable, with very shallow V-shaped notch or without notch (Figs
Slightly longer than wide, dorsal and ventral margins broadly rounded, anterior margin truncated and posterior margin acute (Fig.
Lanceolate, curvate (Figs
Elongate, with group of sensory setae, margin attached to valvula 3 rounded or rectangular (Figs
About apical half serrate (Figs
Single row of submarginal macrosetae (Figs
Named the yellow-red hopper, in Latin, yellow, flavus, red, ruber, nouns in apposition and flying, volatus. Gender Masculine.
The three species in this genus are recognized by their color and configuration of the aedeagus. Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus sp. nov. is yellowish (Fig.
This new genus resembles Renosteria in macroptery, similar triangular crown (i.e., species of Renosteria 71.9–78.7°, species of Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. 85.1–92.8°), and the corresponding longitudinal, rectangular sternite 7. It differs from Renosteria in color (species of Renosteria are yellow-green (Fig.
The male pygofer lobe in Renosteria is obtusely or acutely triangular or rounded, with the process origin dorsomedial or subapical or apical, straight or sublinear, orientation ventrad or posteroventrad. In contrast the pygofer lobe in Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. is broadly rounded, with the process origin apical, curvate or straight, orientation ventrad or mediad.
The aedeagus in Renosteria is convexly curvate (R. cangica, R. goudinica, R. overbergia, R. spadix, R. waverena), concavely curvate (R. montagua, R. piquetia), or sinuous (R. albanensis, R. hantamensis, R. hoekoensis, R. karosella) or straight (R. ceresensis); aedeagal process about as long as shaft, or half as long as shaft (R. goudinica), origin usually on atrium or preatrium, rarely on the shaft (R. overbergia, R. piquetia). The aedeagus in Flavorubivolatus is convexly curvate without process (F. glabriverpus sp. nov.) or straight to sublinear with straight process half as long as shaft (F. tensiverpus sp. nov.) or very short (F. curtiverpus sp. nov.) with origin subbasally on shaft.
The connective in Renosteria with ratio of greatest length to greatest width 1.09–1.31. In Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. the ratio of greatest length to greatest width similar, 0.95–1.22 in F. glabriverpus sp. nov., or slightly shorter, 0.82–1.00 in F. tensiverpus sp. nov., 0.93–1.04 in F. curtiverpus sp. nov. Other ratios such as width stem/width arm, length stem/length arm and length stem/width arm correspond.
The subgenital plate in Renosteria requires re-examination, but corresponds in arrangement of macrosetae, with length to width ratio 1.5–1.9 times longer than wide. In Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. it is 1.6–1.9 times longer than wide.
The style in Renosteria requires re-examination, with the anterior lateral lobe acutely angled to the sagittal plane through the apophysis and mid-section, and in Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. it is approximately in line with the sagittal line.
1 | Male with aedeagus curved concavely (Fig. |
F. glabriverpus sp. nov. |
1' | Male with aedeagus straight with long or short basal or subbasal paired acuminate process; pygofer lobe with short medioposteriad process or long mediad process; subgenital plate apex broadly rounded or truncated | 2 |
2 | Male aedeagus with process about half as long as length of shaft (Fig. |
F. tensiverpus sp. nov. |
2' | Male aedeagus with short process (length shorter than diameter of shaft), ventrobasally (Fig. |
F. curtiverpus sp. nov. |
Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Western Cape Province, Vanrhynsdorp, Gifberg Pass summit, -31.77, 18.76, 700 m, 9 Oct. 2002, M. Stiller leg., sweeping, Myrovernix sp., Asteraceae.
Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “R.S.A., Gifberg Pass summit Vanrhynsdorp, -31.75, 18.70, 9.x.2002, 700 m, M. Stiller leg.” “sweeping, Myrovernix sp., Asteraceae” “SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18270 (blue paper)”.
36♂♂, 54♀♀, 13 nymphs
South Africa • 7♂♂, 9♀♀; Western Cape Province, Sederberge; -32.13, 18.98; 12 Dec. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27822.
South Africa • 4♂♂, 9♀♀; Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam Cedarberg; -32.13, 18.98; 21 Dec. 1976; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27804.
South Africa • 1♂; Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam; -32.16, 18.88; 10 Aug. 1978; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27825.
South Africa • 4♂♂, 1♀; Western Cape Province, Piekenierskloof; -32.62, 18.95; 18 Jan. 1983; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27826.
South Africa • 2♂♂, 1♀; Western Cape Province Citrusdal, Middelberg Pass; -32.63, 19.15; 1 Mar. 1985; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping, Elytropappus scaber, Asteraceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27828.
South Africa • 2♂♂, 3♀♀; Western Cape Province, Bokfontein; -33.03, 19.31; 8 Mar. 1985; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping, Metalasia muricata, Asteraceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27827.
South Africa • 1♀; Western Cape Province, Algeria Forest Station; -32.373, 19.057; 9 Mar. 1985; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27830.
South Africa • 2♂♂; Western Cape Province, Cedarberg, Eikeboom; -32.45, 19.16; 9 Mar. 1985; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping, Elytropappus scaber, Asteraceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27823.
South Africa • 11♂♂, 19♀♀; ibid. holotype. SANC,
South Africa • 2♂♂, 7♀♀, 3 nymphs; Western Cape Province, Cedarberg, SE Citrusdal, Dwarsrivier Farm; -32.45, 19.2; 10–15 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping, Myrovernix intricata, Asteraceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18271.
South Africa • 6♂♂, 14♀♀, 10 nymphs; Western Cape Province, Cedarberg, SE Citrusdal, Driehoek Farm; -32.433, 19.216; 13 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping, Myrovernix spp and Seriphium saxatilis, Asteraceae, plants mostly sterile, intertwined; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18273.
Male with aedeagal shaft curvate convexly, immaculate (Fig.
n=41. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 2.87–3.03 mm. Crown median length 0.47–0.52 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.34–0.37 mm. Head width across eyes 0.94–1.02 mm. Pronotum width 0.86–0.94 mm. Ocellus diameter 24.9–34.8 µm; interocular distance 37.3–48.8 µm. Crown angle by trigonometry 87.7–92.0°.
Anal tube. Square dorsally and laterally, attached at apex of pygofer (Fig.
Viewed laterally about as long as wide. Basal fold straight, angled about 45° (Fig.
lobe. Posterior margin approximately rectangular, posteroventral margin with membranous, rounded lobe and sclerotized acuminate, curvate process, process about 3 times longer than wide; process origin posteromedially (Fig.
Acutely triangular, apex narrowly rounded, lateral margin sinuous, medial margin straight, divergent, at about 30° (Fig.
Posterior margins slightly concave, medial apex triangular (Fig.
Shaft immaculate, narrow, tubular. Shaft in lateral view curvate, concave, apex narrowed, about half as wide as subapex (Fig.
Ratio greatest length/greatest width=1.01–1.25, length stem/length arm=0.76–1.06, width stem/width arm=0.53–0.69 (Fig.
Apophysis apex acute in dorsal view (Fig.
n=66. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 2.96–3.41 mm. Crown median length 0.48–0.54 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.31–0.37 mm. Pronotum length 0.34–0.38 mm. Head width across eyes 0.97–1.06 mm. Pronotum width 0.88–0.97 mm. Ocellus diameter 25.6–35.7 µm; interocular distance 38.4–49.6 µm. Crown angle by trigonometry 87.3–92.0°.
Sternite 7. Almost rectangular, base wider than apex, lateral margins convergent (Fig.
Dorsal and ventral margins rounded, asymmetric. Anterior and posterior margins narrowly rounded (Fig.
Sculpture similar to that of F. tensiverpus, i.e. maculose. Valvula and valvifer in Fig.
As in Fig.
Apical half denticulate (Fig.
Uniseriate setae apically and subapically, 4–10, average and standard deviation 7.8±1.7 µm, longest 34.5 µm, shortest, 12.3 µm (Figs
Latin, adjective and noun in apposition, for hairless, smooth, bald, glabra, and the aedeagal shaft which is devoid of any spines or processes. Gender Masculine.
Bokfontein, Citrusdal, Clanwilliam, Driehoek farm, Dwarsrivier, Gifberg Pass, Piketberg, Sederberge, Fig.
Distribution models for Retevolatus gen. nov. and Flavorubivolatus gen. nov. and distribution maps of some associated plants A potential natural distribution in south western part of South Africa (Western and Northern Cape Province), R. flexiverpus sp. nov., red square, R. semicurviverpus sp. nov., green circle, R. subspiniverpus sp. nov., blue triangle B potential natural distribution in south western part of South Africa (Western Cape Province), Flavorubivolatus spp, F. glabriverpus sp. nov., green square, F. tensiverpus sp. nov., red circle, F. curtiverpus sp. nov., yellow triangle C Salvia lanceolata D Phylica oleifolia E Seriphium saxatilis F Myrovernix intricata G Selago pustulosa.
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus has the crown and pronotum yellowish, and the tegmina yellowish-red with this color pattern similar in males and females. Flavorubivolatus tensiverpus and F. curtiverpus are more reddish in color. Variation was found in male genitalia in apex of aedeagus, with the apex of the gonopore parallel or convergent (Fig.
Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Western Cape Province, Cedarberg near Clanwilliam, -32.35, 18.98, 21 Dec. 1976, J.G. Theron leg.
Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “South Africa, Sederberge, 21.xii.1976, J.G. Theron” “SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27824 (blue paper)”.
8♂♂, 4♀♀, 1 nymph.
South Africa • 5♂♂, 2♀♀; ibid. holotype, SANC,
South Africa • 1♂, 1♀; Western Cape Province, Halfmanshof; -33.14, 18.96; 17 Dec. 1981; J.G. Theron leg.; sweeping, Elytropappus glandulosa, Asteraceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27829.
South Africa • 1♂; Western Cape Province, Cedarberg wilderness, site 1; -32.4000, 19.0378; 14 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping, Phylica plumigera, Rhamnaceae; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27831.
South Africa • 1♂, 1♀, 1 nymph; Northern Cape Province, Oorlogskloof, Doltuin; -31.4790, 19.0790; 19 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL26687.
Male with aedeagal shaft straight, ventrally at base with long (about half as long as shaft) paired tooth-like process (Figs
n=6. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.15–3.34 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.41 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.29–0.31 mm. Pronotum length 0.34–0.37 mm. Head width across eyes 0.94–0.98 mm. Pronotum width 0.86–0.89 mm. Ocellus diameter 27.0–34.2 µm; interocular distance 43.5–58.0 µm. Crown angle by trigonometry 98.6–101.4°.
Anal tube. Conical dorsally, square laterally. Incised about half way into pygofer (Fig.
Viewed laterally about as long as wide. Basal fold straight, angle about 45° (Fig.
Apex broadly rounded, ventroposterior margin with medial and apical, membranous, disc-shaped structure. Sclerotized, short acuminate process on ventroposterior margin, orientation medioposteriad. Process sinuous, about 4 times longer than wide, with subapical ventral tooth, apices disjunct (Fig.
Apex narrowly rounded. Macrosetae 2–3 irregular rows. Ratio of length to width 1.6–1.8 times longer than basal width (Fig.
Posterior margins broadly rounded (Fig.
Base or subbase of shaft ventrally with elongate paired process, about half as long as shaft, parallel and contiguous with shaft; shaft sublinear. Gonopore elongate, subapical dorsally to ventromedially. Dorsal apodeme and preatrium sub-equal in length (Fig.
Ratio greatest length/greatest width=0.91–1.07, length stem/length arm=0.78–1.21, width stem/width arm=0.47–0.60 (Fig.
Apophysis apex narrowly rounded. Preapical lobe rounded; anterior lateral arm with sides subparallel, apex narrowly rounded; arm 0.6 times longer than distal part (Fig.
Measurements. n=4. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.27–3.35 mm. Crown median length 0.41–0.42 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.30–0.32 mm. Pronotum length 0.36–0.37 mm. Head width across eyes 0.98–1.01 mm. Pronotum width 0.87–0.91 mm. Ocellus diameter 29.3–40.7 µm; interocular distance 56.0 µm. Crown angle by trigonometry 99.5–100.6°.
Sternite 7. Ratio of greatest length: greatest width 0.63–0.70 (Fig.
Dorsal and ventral margins subparallel (Fig.
Sculpture maculose (Fig.
As in Fig.
Apical half denticulate (Figs
Long setae subapically and submarginally (Fig.
Named in Latin, adjective and noun in apposition, for the long, drawn out, tensus, spine on the shaft of the aedeagus (verpa). Gender Masculine.
Cedarberg, Clanwilliam, Doltuin, Halfmanshof, Fig.
Flavorubivolatus tensiverpus is distinctly more red in the crown, pronotum and tegmina than yellowish color of F. glabriverpus. Measurements show that the crown length medially is slightly shorter, i.e. 0.4 mm and in the other species 0.4–0.5 mm. Genitalia in the male with aedeagal shaft linear to sublinear, position and orientation of basal processes (Fig.
Type locality: Republic of South Africa, Western Cape Province, Sederberge [Cedarberg], -32.13, 18.98, 12 Oct. 1971, J.G. Theron leg.
Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “South Africa, Sederberge [Cedarberg], 12-10-71, J.G. Theron” “SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27862 (blue paper)”.
7♂♂, 1♀.
South Africa • 3♂♂, 1♀; ibid. holotype.
South Africa • 2♂♂; Western Cape Province, Cedarberg SE Citrusdal, Dwarsrivier Farm; -32.45, 19.2; 10–15 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping grass and forbs regrowth after fire; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL18272.
South Africa • 1♂; Western Cape Province, Cedarberg, SE Citrusdal, Driehoek Farm; -32.433, 19.216; 13 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; path the cedar wood forest sweeping low vegetation; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL27805.
South Africa • 1♂; Western Cape Province, Blinkberg Pass, -32.73, 19.43, 6 May 2011, M. Stiller leg.; SANC Pretoria Dbase CCDL28141.
Aedeagal shaft straight, ventrally at base with very short, paired tooth-like process (Fig.
n=7. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.0–3.3 mm. Crown median length 0.4–0.5 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.3 mm. Pronotum length 0.4 mm. Head width across eyes 0.9–1.0 mm. Pronotum width 0.9 mm. Ocellus diameter 27.3–34.7 µm; interocular distance 44.3–57.7 µm. Crown angle by trigonometry 92.7–96.8°.
Anal tube. Conical dorsally, rectangular laterally. Incised about three quarters into pygofer (Fig.
Viewed laterally longer than wide (Fig.
Apex broadly rounded, medioposterior margin with medial and apical membranous disc-shaped structure (Fig.
Apex truncated (Fig.
Posterior margins broadly rounded (Fig.
Base of shaft ventrally with short paired acuminate process; length of process less than width of shaft. Shaft straight (Fig.
Ratio stem length: greatest width 0.9 (Fig.
Apophysis apex narrowly rounded. Preapical lobe rounded; anterior lateral arm with sides convergent, apex acute; arm 0.4–0.6 times longer than distal part (Fig.
Unknown.
Latin, short, adjective and noun in apposition, curtus, for the short spine of the aedeagus, verpa. Masculine.
Driehoek farm, Dwarsrivier, Sederberge, Fig.
The reddish color (Fig.
Distributions were modelled with the species from the most localities (i.e. R. flexiverpus) as well as most numerous species and all species merged, with the latter model for Retevolatus in Fig.
Although the new genera described here are placed in Bonaspeiini this placement is not fully resolved due to the ambiguous definitions of Bonaspeiini and Athysanini in
I appreciate and thank the Pensoft journal editors and referees Mick Webb (
Genus species | AccN0 | males | females | country | province | locality | Lat_Dec/Lon_Dec | Date | collector | plant | family |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27849 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Olifants River between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam | -32.36, 18.95 | 1931/10/15 | SA Museum Staff | |||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27850 | 17 | 4 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Piketberg | -32.9, 18.75 | 1971/10/26 | J.G. Theron | ||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27847 | 6 | 5 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Citrusdal | -32.6, 19.05 | 1971/11/09 | F. Honibal | ||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27842 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Slagboom Farm Agter Witsenberg | -33.23, 19.2667 | 1973/01/06 | J.G. Theron | |||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27848 | 2 | 2 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Citrusdal | -32.6, 19.05 | 1973/11/05 | F. Honibal | ||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27845 | 3 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Gouda | -33.31, 19.03 | 1974/10/30 | J.G. Theron | ||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27846 | 3 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Hermon | -33.43, 18.96 | 1974/10/30 | J.G. Theron | |||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27853 | 9 | 7 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Klipheuwel | -33.56, 18.7 | 1974/11/24 | J.G. Theron | Maytenus heterophylla | Celastraceae |
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27854 | 1 | 11 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Garies Kamiesberg | -30.46, 18.13 | 1976/10/15 | J.G. Theron | ||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27844 | 7 | 6 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Clanwilliam Cedarberg | -32.5, 19.25 | 1976/12/21 | J.G. Theron | ||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27843 | 2 | 2 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Darling | -33.37, 18.38 | 1981/12/18 | J.G. Theron | ||
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18349 | 2 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass | -31.73, 18.766 | 2002/10/03 | M. Stiller | Salvia lanceolata | Lamiaceae | |
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18350 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass | -31.73, 18.766 | 2002/10/03 | M. Stiller | Diosma hirsuta | Rutaceae | |
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18351 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass | -31.73, 18.766 | 2002/10/03 | M. Stiller | Phylica oleifolia | Rhamnaceae | |
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18352 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass | -31.73, 18.766 | 2002/10/03 | M. Stiller | Passerina truncata subsp. truncata and sweeping trees and shrubs at night | Thymelaeaceae | |
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18347 | 1 | South Africa | Northern Cape Province | Doring River waterfall N Nieuwoudtville | -31.32, 19.116 | 2002/10/07 | M. Stiller | Galenia africana | Aizoaceae | |
Retevolatus flexiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27851 | 5 | 6 | South Africa | Northern Cape Province | Brakwater Oorlogskloof | -31.47, 19.079 | 2016/12/17 | M. Stiller | Diospyros austro-africana | Rhamnaceae |
Retevolatus semicurviverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18345 | 12 | 10 | South Africa | Northern Province | Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok | -29.75, 17.933 | 2002/09/29 | M. Stiller | Searsia undulata | Anacardiaceae |
Retevolatus semicurviverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18346 | 1 | South Africa | Northern Province | Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok | -29.75, 17.933 | 2002/09/29 | M. Stiller | light trap | ||
Retevolatus subspiniverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27852 | 30 | 16 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Nuwerus | -31.14, 18.35 | 1971/11/10 | J.G. Theron |
Genus species | AccN0 | males | female | nymph | country | province | locality | Lat_Dec/Lon_Dec | BeginDate | EndDate | collector | plant | family |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27822 | 7 | 9 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Sederberg | -32.13, 18.98 | 1971/10/12 | J.G. Theron | ||||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27825 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Clanwilliam | -32.16, 18.88 | 1978/08/10 | J.G. Theron | |||||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27804 | 4 | 9 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Clanwilliam Cedarberg | -32.5, 19.25 | 1976/12/21 | J.G. Theron | ||||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL47826 | 4 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Piekenierskloof | -32.62, 18.95 | 1983/01/18 | J.G. Theron | ||||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27827 | 2 | 3 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Bokfontein | -33.03, 19.31 | 1985/03/08 | J.G. Theron | Metalasia muricata | Asteraceae | ||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27828 | 2 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Middelberg, Citrusdal | -32.63, 19.15 | 1985/03/09 | J.G. Theron | Elytropappus scaber | Asteraceae | ||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27830 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Clanwilliam, Algeria Forest Station | -32.373, 19.057 | 1985/03/09 | J.G. Theron | |||||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27823 | 2 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Cedarberg, Eikeboom | -32.45, 19.16 | 1985/03/09 | J.G. Theron | Elytropappus scaber | Asteraceae | |||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18270 | 12 | 19 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Gifberg Pass Summit Vanrhynsdorp | -31.77, 18.76 | 2002/10/09 | M. Stiller | Myrovernix sp. | Asteraceae | ||
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18271 | 2 | 7 | 3 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Dwarsrivier Farm Cedarberg SE Citrusdal | -32.45, 19.2 | 2002/10/10 | 2002/10/15 | M. Stiller | Myrovernix intricata | Asteraceae |
Flavorubivolatus glabriverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18273 | 6 | 14 | 10 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Driehoek Farm Cedarberg SE Citrusdal | -32.433, 19.216 | 2002/10/13 | M. Stiller | Myrovernix spp. and Seriphium saxatilis, plants mostly sterile, intertwined | Asteraceae | |
Flavorubivolatus tensiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27824 | 6 | 3 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Cedarberg near Clanwilliam | -32.35, 18.98 | 1976/12/21 | J.G. Theron | ||||
Flavorubivolatus tensiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27829 | 1 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Halfmanshof | -33.14, 18.96 | 1981/12/17 | J.G. Theron | ||||
Flavorubivolatus tensiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27831 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Cedarberg wilderness #1 | -32.4, 19.037 | 2016/12/14 | M. Stiller | Eriocephalus sp. | Asteraceae | |||
Flavorubivolatus tensiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL26687 | 1 | 1 | 1 | South Africa | Northern Cape Province | Doltuin Oorlogskloof | -31.479, 19.079 | 2016/12/19 | M. Stiller | Phylica plumigera, male on Eriocephalus sp. Asteraceae | Rhamna-ceae | |
Flavorubivolatus curtiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27862 | 4 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Sederberge | -32.13, 18.98 | 1971/10/12 | J.G. Theron | ||||
Flavorubivolatus curtiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL18272 | 2 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Dwarsrivier Farm Cedarberg SE Citrusdal | -32.45, 19.2 | 2002/10/10 | 2002/10/15 | M. Stiller | Selago pustulosa | Scrophu-lariaceae | ||
Flavorubivolatus curtiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL27805 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Driehoek Farm Cedarberg SE Citrusdal | -32.433, 19.216 | 2002/10/13 | J.G. Theron | low vegetation | ||||
Flavorubivolatus curtiverpus gen. nov. & sp. nov. | CCDL28141 | 1 | South Africa | Western Cape Province | Blinkberg Pass | -32.73, 19.43 | 2011/05/06 | M. Stiller |