Corresponding author: Igor V. Muratov (
Academic editor: D.G. Herbert
All primary (name-bearing) types of
Muratov IV, Heyns-Veale E (2020) Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Patellogastropoda and Lepetellida. African Invertebrates 61(1): 49–81.
All primary (name-bearing) types of
Five shells of “
The “neotype” of “
The collection of the primary types of
The reference to the original publication, including the original generic position, the type locality, the collector and the cited dimensions of the primary type specimen(s), is provided for each species. This information on the original description is followed by the details from the label for each type in the
All shells were measured under a stereomicroscope using an ocular micrometer, separately calibrated for each standard magnification against a Vernier Calliper. Shells larger than 10 mm were measured by the same Calliper. All scales were individually calculated for each illustrated shell and corresponding scales for each photograph were resized to match the illustrated scale. All shell sizes are given using the following template:
The following acronyms and abbreviations are used:
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, Mapelane; Nov. 1983; R. Kilburn leg.; T3325;
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, Chaka’s Rock, intertidal zone, 24 Feb. 1985; D. Herbert leg.; on
South Africa • 2; KwaZulu-Natal, Reunion Rocks, intertidal zone; 7 Feb. 1985; R. Kilburn, D. Herbert, R. Fregona leg.; T3322;
South Africa • 7 of 8; same data as holotype, figured (figs 4–11) in the original description; T3295;
South Africa • 40 in ethanol; same data as holotype (mussel-dwelling); T3327;
South Africa • 10 in ethanol; same data as holotype (
South Africa • 2 of 3; KwaZulu-Natal, Port Edward; Jul. 1977; Marais leg.; T3286;
South Africa • 14 of 18 in ethanol, one without soft parts; KwaZulu-Natal, Port Edward; 27–28 Aug. 1977; Marais leg.; on
South Africa • Eastern Cape, Lwandile/Mdumbi; Jul. 1981; R. Kilburn, R. Fregona leg.; T3326;
South Africa • 5; Eastern Cape, Coffee Bay; Y. McLellan leg.; ex Albany Mus. 1980; T3321;
South Africa • 4; Eastern Cape, Mkambati area, Mgwetyane R. mouth; R. Kilburn leg.; Aug. 1983; T3320;
South Africa • 3; Eastern Cape, Dwesa; May 1984; R. Kilburn leg.; Beach drift; T3323;
There are 18 paratypes in ethanol mentioned in the original description under A6281/T3286. However, this number refers to 3 paratypes (T3286/
South Africa • Eastern Cape, Mzamba; May 1977; R. Kilburn leg.; T2148;
Generic position of this species remains uncertain. Its relation to
The shell (
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Nqabara Point,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Qora River,
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, S.E. of Sheffield Beach,
South Africa • 5; KwaZulu-Natal, S.E. of Neill Peak (Cunge),
Was known in 1978 only from the type locality. However, one paratype of
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, Port Shepstone; H. Burnup leg.; T2194;
South Africa • Eastern Cape, Mzamba; 25–26 Sep. 1976; R. Kilburn leg.; T2151;
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, Durban; J.F. Quekett, collection of Burnup; T2198;
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, south coast, Palm Beach; R. Cock leg.; T2197;
Subsequent to the original description, at which time
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, off Port Edward, depth 100 m; 18 Oct. 1976; ex C.S.I.R. Department of Water Research; fine shell sand; T2192;
One paratype (T2192/
South Africa • 2; dried soft parts; KwaZulu-Natal, off Park Rynie, depth 100 m; 2 Mar. 1981; dredged, R. Kilburn; sand and sponge rubble; T3023;
South Africa • dried soft parts; KwaZulu-Natal, off Park Rynie, depth 120 m, 2 Mar. 1981; dredged, R. Kilburn; rubble and solitary coral; T3024;
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, off Park Rynie,
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, off Trafalgar,
South Africa • soft parts in ethanol; KwaZulu-Natal, off Park Rynie,
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, off Park Rynie,
South Africa • soft parts in ethanol; KwaZulu-Natal, off Park Rynie, depth 100 m; 5 Mar. 1981; dredged, R. Kilburn sand; T3029;
South Africa • KwaZulu-Natal, off Park Rynie, depth 100 m; 4 Mar. 1981; dredged, R. Kilburn; sand, sponge rubble; T3036;
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Mzamba River,
One paratype (
South Africa • 2; KwaZulu-Natal, off Kosi Bay, depth 50 m; C.S.I.R. Water Res; in shell drift; T2206;
The shell of the holotype was damaged after the photos for the original description were made. The damage was first discovered in March 2012 by the first author and the part that was broken off was not located. Another set of dimensions (1.6×1.5 mm) is given in the figure captions for the plate 9(c–e) in the original description. We were unable to locate two out of five paratypes (T2205/
South Africa • same data as
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Rame Head,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Whale Rock,
South Africa • 3; Eastern Cape, off Stony Point,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Mgazi River,
South Africa •3 Eastern Cape, off Mbashe River,
South Africa • 5 of 6; KwaZulu-Natal, off Umlaas Canal,
South Africa • 4 of 8 or 7; KwaZulu-Natal, off Amanzimtoti,
One paratype (T3085/
South Africa • same data as paratype
South Africa • same data as paratype
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Mgazi River, depth 180 m,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Mgazi River,
South and East were reversed for the coordinates in the original description (that would place type locality to incorrect position ~40 km ESE off Durban at 438 m depth).
Another set of dimensions of the holotype is indicated in the figure caption of the original description: “9.9×6.9 mm, height 6.3 mm”.
The coordinates in the original description were incorrectly recorded; latitude and longitude were swopped, and it should be 29°E instead of 39°S. Subsequent to the original description, at which time
South Africa • 1 of 3, soft parts in ethanol; Eastern Cape, E. of East London, Kwelera; C.M. Connolly leg.; T3058;
South Africa • 6; Western Cape, False Bay, Simonstown, C.M. Connolly leg.; T3009;
It could be difficult to recognise anterior and posterior ends in a side view of a shell of this species. The original description states that shell is “slightly narrowed anteriorly” (
Neotype designated by
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Qora River,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Whale Rock,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Whale Rock,
South Africa • 3; Eastern Cape, off Rame Head,
South Africa • 3; Eastern Cape, off Stony Point,
South Africa • 2; Eastern Cape, off Kei River,
South Africa • 2; Eastern Cape, off Qolora River,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Mendu Point,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Mbashe River,
South Africa • 2; Eastern Cape, off Nthlonyane River,
South Africa • Eastern Cape, off Whale Rock,
South Africa • 12; Eastern Cape, off Shixini Point,
South Africa • 8; same data as holotype; T3257;
Radula, illustrated on the figures 1, 2 in the original publication, is from the specimen
The shell of the holotype is attached to the gelatine capsule and was not photographed to avoid possible damage. Visual examination confirms that it is the shell illustrated in the original description and larger diameter was measured using ocular micrometer, through the gelatine capsule. There are nine paratypes in other collections (see
South Africa • same data as holotype; T3276;
South Africa • 6; Eastern Cape, off Mtamvuna River,
The damage to the shell of the holotype was first discovered in March 2012 by the first author and the part that was broken off was not located. In the original description the damage cannot be assessed because of the position of the shell. Diameter in the figure captions 28 and 30 in the original description is 0.95 mm.
South Africa • 2 same data as holotype; T3273;
South Africa • 10; Eastern Cape, Mzamba, beach drift; 12–30 May 1986; D. Herbert and R. Kilburn leg.; T3368;
Diameter in the figure captions 37 and 39 in the original description is 1.45 mm. Four paratypes mentioned in the original description collected at Mzamba, Eastern Cape are in the J. Marais collection and were not examined here.
We would like to thank Adam J. Baldinger for illustrations of type material deposited in The Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge), Christine Zorn and Thomas von Rintelen for illustrations of type material deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin), Linda Davis (