Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Patellogastropoda and Lepetellida

All primary (name-bearing) types of Patelloidea, Lottioidea, Fissurelloidea and Scissurelloidea deposited in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum are presented. The reference to the original publication, including the original generic position, the type locality, the collector and the cited dimensions of the type specimen(s), is provided for each species, followed by information from the label for each type in the NMSA collection (type locality, collector and catalogue number), size of the type specimen, brief remarks and colour photographs.


Introduction
All primary (name-bearing) types of Patellogastropoda (Patellidae and Lottiidae) and part of Vetigastropoda (Lepetellida: Fissurelloidea and Scissurelloidea) deposited in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum (NMSA) were annotated and illustrated here in accordance with the ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) recommendation 72F.4, as the third part of the ongoing revision of the primary type material deposited in NMSA. The historical review of NMSA collection of molluscs can be found in our first publication on the subject (see Muratov and Davis 2011), where we presented illustrated annotations on primary types of Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda. Second publication was on Polyplacophora (Muratov 2014).
Five shells of "Acmaea" albonotata E.A. Smith, 1901 (NMSA-MOL 01284/T525) from the type locality were labelled "syntypes" by A.C. Bruggen. However, after examination of the original description (E.A. Smith 1901: 107, Pl. I, figs 14, 16) and the original label, it became apparent that the shells deposited in NMSA were not seen by Smith. In addition, the shells in NMSA differ in shape, size and sculpture from the original description. Thus, since they are not types, they are not illustrated here.

Material and methods
The collection of the primary types of Patelloidea, Lottioidea, Fissurelloidea and Scissurelloidea in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum consists of 19 holotypes, one syntype and one neotype, all collected along the eastern coastline of South Africa, from Sodwana Bay in the north to Port Alfred in the south.
The reference to the original publication, including the original generic position, the type locality, the collector and the cited dimensions of the primary type specimen(s), is provided for each species. This information on the original description is followed by the details from the label for each type in the NMSA collection (type locality, collector and catalogue number) and measured dimensions of the type illustrated in this publication. The types are empty dry shells and the number of specimens is one, if not stated otherwise. Types in NMSA historically were given two catalogue numbers: standard, the same as for non-types and an additional number with "T" prefix, to highlight its type status. All standard NMSA numbers are now given in the new format: with added "NMSA-MOL 0" prefix. However, in references to previous publications, all numbers are given in the historical format. Comprehensive labels of the types were not produced by authors of original descriptions, except for Diodora fuscocrenulata E.A. Smith, 1906. All standard museum labels were produced by collection managers after types were received from authors. All information given for each type was copied from the labels and hand-written catalogue, not from the original descriptions. Provincial names were standardised based on their current status. Comprehensive information on paratypes is given in addition, because original descriptions often lack some information from labels and catalogue books. Paratypes, however, were not illustrated here. Types in other collections were not verified unless they were required to clarify the status of types deposited in NMSA. The current status of each species is based here on the most recent comprehensive publication found and the complete synonymy is not given since this is not a taxonomic revision.
All shells were measured under a stereomicroscope using an ocular micrometer, separately calibrated for each standard magnification against a Vernier Calliper. Shells larger than 10 mm were measured by the same Calliper. All scales were individually calculated for each illustrated shell and corresponding scales for each photograph were resized to match the illustrated scale. All shell sizes are given using the following template: D×sD×H, where D is major diameter, sD is smaller diameter (90° to D) and H is height. None of the shells were cleaned to avoid possible damage and none of the shells were damaged during preparation of this publication.
The following acronyms and abbreviations are used: ICZN -International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; MN -research vessel Meiring Naudé; n/d -no data; NHMUK -The Natural History Museum, London, UK (formerly known as BNHM and BMNH) and NMSA -The KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (formerly known as Natal Museum). South Africa • 40 in ethanol; same data as holotype (mussel-dwelling); T3327; NMSA-MOL 0S2157.

Remarks.
There are 18 paratypes in ethanol mentioned in the original description under A6281/T3286. However, this number refers to 3 paratypes (T3286/NMSA-MOL 0A6281), one of which was donated to Drivas (12 Oct. 1988), which are shells without soft parts, not in ethanol. There are 14 specimens in ethanol with the catalogue number NMSA-MOL 0D2170. Since these are the only other specimens of S. aphanes in ethanol, which in addition match the locality and collector as in the original description, they are assumed to be paratypes and were given new type number T4328 in preparation of this manuscript. There are another two shells in NMSA-MOL 0D489 paratype lot that were not chosen as paratypes. Prefix "C" was omitted in the original description for C5909. Figured paratypes were given wrong number (D2157/T3327 instead of D2156/T3295) in the original description (Robson 1986: figs 4-11). One (of originally eight paratypes: T3295/NMSA-MOL 0D2156) was sent in 1990 to Zoological Museum of Moscow University.
Remarks. The shell of the holotype was damaged after the photos for the original description were made. The damage was first discovered in March 2012 by the first author and the part that was broken off was not located. Another set of dimensions (1.6×1.5 mm) is given in the figure captions for the plate 9(c-e) in the original description. We were unable to locate two out of five paratypes (T2205/ NMSA 0A5084). Genus Vacerrena is probably related to Cornisepta (Fig. 12) and Profundisepta ( Fig. 13) but is not transferred here to Zeidorinae because it is not a taxonomic revision and there is no reference that can be cited to indicate that it should be in Zeidorinae.
Remarks. One paratype (T3085/NMSA-MOL 0D1421) was sent to Zoological Museum of Moscow University in 1990. Two, of supposedly eight, paratypes (T3084/ NMSA-MOL 0D1312) have been sent to NHMUK (registration number: NHMUK 1986088) and one from the same lot, -to Humboldt University, Berlin (however, probably due to initial miscount, only four, not five, remain in NMSA).

Figure 21. Sukashitrochus maraisi
Current status. Sinezona doliolum Herbert, 1986; original combination. Remarks. The damage to the shell of the holotype was first discovered in March 2012 by the first author and the part that was broken off was not located. In the original description the damage cannot be assessed because of the position of the shell. Diameter in the figure captions 28 and 30 in the original description is 0.95 mm. Herbert, 1986maraisi Herbert, 1986 (2015). Remarks. Diameter in the figure captions 37 and 39 in the original description is 1.45 mm. Four paratypes mentioned in the original description collected at Mzamba, Eastern Cape are in the J. Marais collection and were not examined here.