The Cis bilamellatus species-group ( Coleoptera , Ciidae ) in southern Africa : Cis mooihoekite sp . n . and new distributional records

Cis mooihoekite sp. n. is described based on specimens collected at two localities in the province of Mpumalanga, South Africa. The new species is included in the Cis bilamellatus species-group, which comprises species with a single plate on both anterocephalic edge and anterior pronotal edge in males, females with pronotum usually widest near the posterior end and gradually narrowing anteriorly and both sexes with dual elytral vestiture. Cis mooihoekite sp. n. can be distinguished from the other South African species in the group by the pronotum devoid of a median impunctate line, pronotal plate angularly emarginate forming two small and triangular horns with acute apex and anterocephalic edge with very acute corners. New geographical records and information on the host fungi of Cis pickeri Lopes-Andrade, Matushkina, Buder & Klass, 2009 are provided.


Introduction
Cis Latreille is the most diverse genus of Ciidae with about 400 described species and a worldwide distribution (Lopes-Andrade et al. 2009, Oliveira et al. 2013, Lawrence 2016).It includes more than half of all described Ciidae species and some of them are organised into artificial species-groups (Lawrence 1971, Lopes-Andrade 2008, Oliveira et al. 2013, Lawrence 2016).
The Cis pickeri is the only species belonging to the Cis bilamellatus species-group described from the Ethiopian region (biogeographic regions sensu Morrone 2015).The bilamellatus-group also includes nine more species described from other biogeographic regions: C. australis Blackburn, 1888, C. bilamellatus Wood, 1884, C. biscutatus Fauvel, 1904, C. clarki Blair, 1940, C. laminicollis Blair, 1940, C. lineatosetosus Pool, 1917, C. setiferus Blackburn, 1888and C. walkeri Blair, 1940, from the Australian region; and the Palaearctic C. onyosi Viñolas & Muñoz-Batet, 2015, described from a single locality in Spain and recently reported from France (Rose 2017, Viñolas andMuñoz-Batet 2015).There are several undescribed species from the Neotropical and Oriental regions that could be placed in this group (Araujo et al. 2015, Lawrence 2016, Lopes-Andrade pers. obs.).Cis bilamellatus was introduced into southeast England during the nineteenth century and has subsequently expanded its distribution to Wales, southern Scotland, Ireland, the Channel Islands and north-west France (Orledge et al. 2010).Recently, it has also been recorded from Chile (Lopes-Andrade and Lüer 2014), making it one of the most widespread and successful invasive ciid species in temperate and subtropical areas.
The aim of this paper is to describe a new species of Cis belonging to the bilamellatus-group and provide new geographical records of this group in southern Africa.The new species described here and additional material of C. pickeri were collected and documented by the staff of the SANC, mostly during ten years of a project on parasitoids of Ciidae in South Africa (Neser 2012).The original coding of the morphospecies (Neser 2012) has been revised and some of them have been described (Orsetti andLopes-Andrade 2016, Souza-Gonçalves andLopes-Andrade 2017).

Museum
Terms for external morphology and male terminalia of ciids follow Lawrence et al. (2011), Lawrence (2016) and Lopes-Andrade and Lawrence (2005Lawrence ( , 2011)), but see also Oliveira et al. (2013) for an explanation on the use of "tegmen".The following abbreviations are used for measurements (in mm) and ratios: BW (basal width of scutellar shield), CL (length of antennal club measured from base of the eighth to apex of the tenth antennomere), EL (elytral length along the midline), EW (greatest width of both elytra), FL (length of antennal funicle measured from base of the third to apex of the seventh antennomere), GD (greatest depth of body measured in lateral view), GW (greatest diameter of eye), PL (pronotal length along midline), PW (greatest pronotal width), SL (length of scutellar shield), TL (total length counted as EL+PL, i.e. excluding head).The GD/EW and TL/EW ratios indicate the degree of body convexity and elongation, respectively.
Transcription of labels, dissection, photography and measurement of specimens follow the methods provided by Araujo and Lopes-Andrade (2016).Specimens of the new species were measured from all localities.The number of measured specimens depended on the number of available specimens and the observed variation in size.Differences are given in "Variation", together with standard measurements (mean and standard deviation) and ratios.Discussion about the morphology of female terminalia of the bilamellatus-group was not possible due to low availability of specimens for dissection or to lack of data in literature.Data on host fungi extracted from labels are summarised in the sections "Host fungi", together with corresponding number of records in each fungus species and indicating breeding records.The criteria, provided in Orledge and Reynolds (2005) for determining breeding records, have been followed.The distribution map (Fig. 13) was created in the freeware QGIS 2.14.2-Essen.Etymology.The species name refers to the mooihoekite, a copper iron sulphide mineral, which was discovered in 1972 in South Africa and bears a sheen that resembles the dorsal colour of this species.

Cis mooihoekite
Diagnosis.The new species differs from C. pickeri, as described by Lopes-Andrade et al. (2009), in the following features: TL less than 1.30 mm; pronotum devoid of a median impunctate line; male with anterocephalic edge with acute corners (Figs 1, 4 and 7) and pronotal plate angularly emarginate forming two small and triangular horns with acute apex (Fig. 7); male abdominal sex patch about one-quarter of the length of the first ventrite at midline (Figs 3 and 4).
Comments.This species corresponds to Cis sp.I in Neser (2012) and was collected together with C. neserorum, the morphospecies Cis sp.C, Cis sp.Q (see explanation on morphospecies' coding in the section on Materials and Methods), Xylographus madagascariensis Mellié, 1849, the invasive species Ceracis tabellifer (Mellié, 1849) and the parasitoids Astichus micans Neser, 2012 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entiinae) and A. silvani Neser, 2012.from Spain and reported from France (Rose 2017, Viñolas andMuñoz-Batet 2015), may well be a case of biological invasion.In such case, C. onyosi would be the second invasive species of the bilamellatus-group to reach the Northern Hemisphere, after C. bilamellatus (Orledge et al. 2010).

Figures 9 -
Figures 9-12.Cis mooihoekite sp.n., sclerites of aedeagus of a paratype from the type locality; the anterior ends are placed to the right and the posterior ends are placed to the left.9 Sternite VIII 10 Basal piece (top) and gross outline of basal piece (bottom) 11 Tegmen (top) and gross outline of tegmen excluding membranes (bottom), note emarginations near apex (arrows) 12 Penis.Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
abbreviations are as follows: