Records of the genus Micrambe Thomson, 1863 (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) from Madagascar and Réunion Island

José Carlos Otero; José Manuel Pereira

doi:10.3897/afrinvertebr.58.12022

Abstract

A study on the genus Micrambe Thomson, 1863 (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) from Madagascar and Réunion is presented. Six species are hitherto known from these countries: M. apicalis Grouvelle, M. brevitarsis Bruce, M. consors Grouvelle, M. madagascariensis Grouvelle, M. modesta (Grouvelle), and M. reuninensis Lyubarsky. A new species, M. leonardoi sp. n., is formally described from Boorg-Murat, Réunion Island. A key is presented to enable their identification. Micrambe consors Grouvelle previously known only from Congo is reported here for the first time from Madagascar.

Keywords

Taxonomy, Madagascar, Réunion Island, Micrambe leonardoi sp. n., new records, taxonomic key

Introduction

A review of the papers on African Cryptophaginae by Bruce (1952, 1959, 1963, 1965), Grouvelle (1896, 1906), Scott (1935) and Coombs and Goodroffe (1955) shows the great diversity and endemicity of the genera and species of this subfamily of Cryptophagidae. Bruce is the author of some papers on African Cryptophaginae (1957) and, surprisingly, only a few studies (1952, 1959, 1963, 1965) list some of the species of the “island domain of the Indian Ocean” (sensu Paulian 1961). Therefore, the few reviews of species from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands (description of new species and identification keys) are by Bruce (op. cit), Grouvelle (1896, 1906) and Lyubarsky (2013).

In general, the male genitalia of Madagascar and Réunion Island species are less valuable as a guide to identity than in the case of European fauna. Although some species are very distinct, many conform to a basic pattern without showing any significantly characteristic features.

As only a limited number of specimens collected in this region have been studied, data are scarce and fragmentary. From some islands (e.g. Comores), it has been possible to examine any material in spite of the collections done either in different scientific studies or individually. Due to this, specimens from these groups could not be collected. As for the species in this region, only scattered data of their capture are known. Thus, only fragmentary data exist on the habitat associations of some species.

Methods

The terminology and the measurements of the new species follow Otero and Lopez (2011): L = length, WL = width/length ratio, E = eccentricity of the eyes (width/half of the length). The width is measured across the widest part of a line joining the anterior and posterior limit of the eye. Length is the maximum length of the eye. L is used for length in dorsal view, W for width and Ø for diameter.

Institutional abbreviations

BMNH: British Museum of Natural History, London, United Kingdom; MHNG: Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Suisse (coll. Y. Gomy); MNHN: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; SMNS: Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany; MSNF: Museo di Storia Naturale, Firenze, Italy (coll. Bartolozzi); NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria; RMCA: Royal Museum Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; TMSA: Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa; USC: University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Taxonomy

Micrambe apicalis Grouvelle, 1906

Figures 1–5

Micrambe apicalis Grouvelle, 1906; Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr., 75: 141

Material examined

Holotype ♂. Madagascar. C. 4 km N. of Ambohimahamasoa (forêt Fianaratsoa) 1200-1300 m; 22. III. 1996, 1 ♂ (leg. J. Janak and P. Moravec) (MHNG). Prov. Tamatave, Moramanga env. 25-27. XI. 1995, ♂ (leg I. Jenis) (MHNG). Tananarive, 6–13.X.1970, 1 ex (coll. P. Hammond) (BMNH).

Additional material not examined

Madagascar. Forêt de Tanala (MNHN, not found).

Redescription

Length: 1.5–1.6 mm. Body oblong and convex. Reddish grey-brown; 9^th and 10^th antennomeres dark. Double pubescence (L = 0.041–0.048 mm). Metathoracic wings fully developed.

Head slightly transverse, squared or sub-squared (WL = 1.4). Punctation strong and dense. Punctures separated by a shorter distance than their diameter (Ø = 0.015–0.017 mm). Eyes average, hemispherical and slightly protruding (E =0.8). Eye facets smaller (Ø = 0.010–0.013 mm) than head punctures. Long antennae (Fig. 2) (L = 0.615 mm) surpassing the base of the pronotum. 2^nd antennomere as wide as 1^st and 0.7 times longer; 4^th to 7^th almost identical and 0.6 times shorter than 3^rd; 8^th transverse.

Pronotum (Figs 1, 3) slightly transverse (WL = 1.7). Anterior margin slightly curved; lateral margins converging in a regular curve towards the base. Large callosity (1/3 as long as the side). Callosity face clearly visible from above. Gland pore visible. Callosity margin strong, forming an obtuse angle rearwards and a 31°–32°angle with the body axis. Posterior angles obtuse. Basal groove and foveae present. Punctation less distinct than that of the head; distance between punctures shorter than their diameter (Ø = 0.011–0.016 mm).

Elytra 1.5 times longer than wide; wider than pronotum. Punctation more widely spaced than that of the pronotum; distance between punctures longer than their diameter (Ø = 0.011–0.016 mm).

Aedeagus (Fig. 5) (L = 0.145 mm) expanded apically and widened in its basal half. Endocephalic orifice visible, truncated in the apex and located in the basal third of the aedeagus. Endophallic armour made up of numerous minute spines. Parameres (Fig. 4) elongated, triangular (L = 71.98 µm; A = 27.98 µm). Few pores either with or without setae. Two long (L = 45.62–68.11 µm) apical setae.

Biology

Captured in the months of March, October and November in rain forests.

Distribution

Madagascar (Grouvelle 1906).

Figures 1–5.

Micrambe apicalis: 1 General view 2 antenna 3 pronotum 4 paramere 5 aedeagus.

Micrambe brevitarsis Bruce, 1963

Figures 6–8

Micrambe brevitarsis Bruce, 1963; Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 67: 216

Material examined

Holotype ♂. (red card)/coll. Mus. Congo; Madagascar: forêt de Fito; ex coll. D. Breuning (white card)/Typus (red card)/ Micrambe brevitarsis n. sp; N. Bruce det. (white card) (RMCA).

Redescription

Length: 1.9 mm. Body elongated, oval and convex. Yellowish grey-brown. Simple pubescence flattened and long (L = 0.036–0.040 mm); some erected bristles on the margins and end of the elytra. Metathoracic wings fully developed.

Head slightly transverse (WL = 1.6–1.7). Punctation pronounced and dense distance between punctures shorter than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.005 mm). Eyes normal, sub-hemispherical, little protruding (E = 0.7–0.8) with larger facets (Ø = 0.0060–0.010 mm) than head punctures. Long antennae (Fig. 7) (L = 0.796 mm) surpassing the pronotum base. 1^st antennomere thick, cylindrical; 2^nd narrower and almost as long as 1^st; 4^th, 6^th and 7^th identical and 1.5 times shorter than 2^nd; 8^th 1.3 times shorter than 7^th; 9^th and 10^th strongly transverse; 11^th 1.7 times longer than 9^th.

Pronotum (Figs 6, 8) convex and moderately transverse (WL = 1.6–1.7). Anterior margin convex. Large callosity (1/3 of the side length), not protruding from the lateral margin of the pronotum. Callosity face visible from above. Gland pore visible. Callosity forming an obtuse angle posteriorad and a 25°-26°angle with the body axis. Lateral margins more or less parallel in the anterior 2/3 and converging in the basal third. Posterior angles obtuse. Basal groove visible. Soft punctation; distance between punctures shorter than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.006–0.010 mm).

Elytra 2.4 times longer than pronotum. Punctation finer and more scattered than that of the pronotum; distance between punctures greater than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.006–0.010 mm). 4^th segment of hind tarsi of males smaller than in individuals of other species.

Aedeagus (in poor condition, broken and not figured) apically extended. Endophalic orifice visible. Parameres absent.

Biology

Unknown.

Distribution

Madagascar (Bruce 1963).

Figures 6–8.

Micrambe brevitarsis: 6 General view 7 antenna 8 pronotum.

Micrambe consors Grouvelle, 1906

Figures 9–13

Micrambe consors Grouvelle, 1906; Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr., 75: 140

Material examined

Holotype ♂. Coll. Mus. Congo/Madagascar: Amparafara/IV-V-1937/J. Vadon. Micrambe consors Grouvelle/N. Bruce det. 1 ♀: Coll. Mus. Congo/Madagascar: Amparafara/IV-V-1937/J.Vadon. /Micrambe consors Grouvelle/N. Bruce det. (RMCA).

Additional material examined

Réunion Island. Piton de la Founaise; 25. VIII. 1984, 2 ♂♂ (Leg. Made) (NHMW). Madagascar. Antsiranama, Antsahampano, Mte d’Ambre, 12.53°S; 49.17°E (DD), 15–19. XII. 2004, 1ex (BMNH); Tabnala, 40 km Ambositra, 14. XI. 2006, 4 exx (leg. Dr. Claudio) (MHNG).

Redescription

Length: 1.8–2.0 mm. Body oval, elongated and convex. Either yellowish or reddish grey-brown in its entirety; some specimens have only their head and pronotum reddish grey-brown. Pubescence simple, slightly thick and short (L = 0.019–0.022 mm). Metathoracic wings fully developed.

Head transverse (WL = 1.8–1.9). Punctation well-marked, however not dense; distance between punctures greater than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.010–0.012 mm). Eyes normal, sub-hemispherical, moderately protruding (E = 0.9) with facets (Ø = 0.011–0.012 mm) as large as head punctures. Long antennae (Fig. 10) (L = 0.594 mm) reaching the base of the pronotum. 1^st segment thick; 2^nd ovoid, almost identical to 1^st and 0.9 times larger than 3^rd; 4^th, 6^th and 7^th identical and 0.6 times shorter than 3^rd; 9^th and 10^th transverse.

Pronotum (Figs 9, 11) convex and moderately transverse (WL = 1.8). Anterior margin curved. Lateral margins, from callosity to last third, more or less parallel and converging from here to the base. Large callosity (1/3 of side length) not surpassing the lateral margin of the pronotum. Callosity face visible from above. Gland pore visible, forming an obtuse angle rearwards and a 30°–31°angle with the body axis. Posterior angles obtuse. Basal groove visible. Basal foveae hardly visible. Punctation well-marked and dense; distance between punctures less than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.011–0.012 mm).

Elytra three times as long as pronotum. Elytra with finer and more scattered punctation than that of the pronotum. Distance between punctures greater than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.011–0.012 mm).

Aedeagus (Fig. 13) (L = 0.138 mm) apically extended. Lateral margin with a small protuberance on the basal third. Endophallic orifice not visible. Parameres very elongated, triangular (Fig. 12) (L = 0.080–0.090 mm). One or two apical setae (L = 39.28 µm). Scarce pores either with or without setae.

Biology

Adults collected in August, November and December, otherwise nothing else is known about the biology of this species.

Distribution

Madagascar, Amparafara (Bruce 1959); new record for Réunion Island.

Figures 9–13.

Micrambe consors: 9 General view 10 antenna 11 pronotum 12 paramere; 13 aedeagus.

Micrambe leonardoi sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/85B33001-E082-488E-9D97-81F8CE14A3C8

Figures 14–18

Type material examined

Holotype ♂. Réunion Island, Boorg-Murat, 21°12'49"S; 55°35'16"E (DMS), 1560 m, 8. III. 2000 (Legs. J. and I. Wiesner) placed in Coll. SMNS.

Paratypes. 2 ♀♀, same date and collector as holotype placed in Coll. SMN. 2 ♂♂ and 5 ♀♀. Réunion Island, Boorg-Murat, 21°12'49"S; 55°35'16"E (DMS), 1560 m, 5. I. 1998 (Legs. J. and I. Wiesner) 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ placed in Coll. J. C. Otero (USC).

Description

Length: 1.6–2.1 mm. Body oval, elongated and little convex. Either yellowish grey-brown or dark grey-brown; head and pronotum reddish grey-brown; appendages yellowish grey-brown. Pubescence simple, flattened and short (L = 0.040–0.060 mm). Metathoracic wings fully developed.

Transverse head (WL = 1.9–2.0). Punctation well-marked and dense; distance between punctures less than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.012–0.016 mm). Normal eyes (L = 0.115 mm), sub-hemispherical and protruding (E = 0.95–1.0). Eye facets (Ø = 0.008–0.010 mm) smaller than head punctures. Long antennae (Fig. 15) (L = 0.690 mm) reaching the posterior margin of the pronotum. 1^st antennomere spherical and wide; 3^rd as long as 2^nd however narrower; 4^th and 8^th identical and 1.8 times shorter than 3^rd; 5^th, 7^th and 9^th almost identical and 1.4 times shorter than 3^rd.

Pronotum (Figs 14, 16) slightly transverse (WL = 1.7). Anterior margin curved. Large callosity (1/3 of side length), barely protruding from the lateral margin of the pronotum. Callosity face “flattened” on the pronotum and clearly visible dorsally. Gland pore visible; forming an obtuse angle rearwards and a 27°–28°angle with the body axis. Lateral margins parallel until middle area and from there, converging to the base. Posterior angles obtuse. Basal foveae present. Punctation pronounced, dense but less apparent than on the head; distance between punctures less than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.014-0.018 mm).

Elytra 3.5 times as long as pronotum. Punctation finer and more scattered than that on the pronotum; distance between punctures greater than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.016–0.018 mm).

Aedeagus (Fig. 18) (L = 0.155 mm and A = 86.29 µm) apically extended. Preputial sac with a thin membrane. Basal third of lateral margins with a small protuberance. Endophallic orifice visible, located on the base of the aedeagus and apically truncated. Endophallic armour made up of small spines. Parameres (Fig. 17) (L = 64.67 µm and A = 23.27 µm). Numerous pores either with or without setae. Two long apical setae (L = 54.44–85.18 µm).

Etymology

Dedicated in honour of my grandson Leonardo Aller Otero.

Biology

On Sophora demudata Bory, Antidesma madagascariense Lam., in forests of Acacia heterophylla Lam. and Philippia arborescens Klotz.

Distribution

Réunion Island.

Figures 14–18.

Micrambe leonardoi: 14 General view 15 antenna 16 pronotum 17 paramere 18 aedeagus.

Micrambe madagascariensis Grouvelle, 1896

Figures 19–23

Micrambe madagascariensis Grouvelle, 1896; Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr.: 90

Material examined

Paratype ♀. Madagascar; Diego-Suarez; Ch. Alluaud 1893 (white card)/Museum Paris, coll. A. Grouvelle 1915 (blue card)/ Micrambe madagascariensis; ex typus; A. Grouvelle (white card) (MNHN). 1 ex, Tananarive, Madagascar/Museum de Paris/ original N. Bruce: C. (Micrambe) madagascariensis. A label is added indicating Micrambe madagascariensis Grouv. (MNHN).

Additional material examined

Madagascar. Tamatave distr., Moramanga env., 24. II-1. III. 1995, 2 ♂♂ (leg. I. Jenis). Nord, Lembonibona, 1265 m, 5 km E Andapa, 2.III. 1996. 2♂♂, 1♀. Est, Ikoka env. Massiv Ambondrombe, 16°16'S; 48°4'E (DDM), 1100–1200 m, 9–10. III. 1996, ♂ (leg. J. Janak and P. Moravec) (MHNG). North, 5 km E Andapa, Lembonibona, 19°16'S; 47°59'E (DDM), 2. III. 1969, 1 ex. Massiv. Anjanaharibe North, sentier Ambodihasina-Ambalarombe, Riv. Andramonta env., 14°20'S; 50°04'E (DDM), 23.II-1.III.1996, 1 ex (leg. J. Janak and P. Moravec) (MHNG). Tananarive, 6–13. X. 1970, 2 exx, on Senecio sp. (coll. P. Hammond) (BMNH). Nr. Anjiro, 21. X. 1970, 1 ex (coll. P. Hammond) (BMNH). Fianarantsoa, Forêt Alatsara, 21–22. XI. 2006, 11 exx (leg. Canepari). Beronoo, 40 km S. strada per Antsirabe, 14. XI. 2006, 1 ex (leg. Canepari). Andasibe, Pèrinet, 18,56°S; 48,26°E (DD); 7–8. XI. 1998, 2 ♂♂ y 2 ♀♀ (Leg. R. Müller) (TMSA). Moramanga, Andasive, vic. Anevoca, Forêt pluviale de Marotmitza NR, 950–1150 m; 5–12.XI.2004, 2 ♀♀ (leg. Randriamanaitra). Perinet, 21–22. XII. 2001, 1 ♀ (leg. W. Dolin) (NHMW). Manjakacompo, 5. X. 1989, 1 ♀ (leg. L. Bartolozzi) (MSNF).

Redescription

Length: 1.4–1.5 mm. Body oval and elongated, slightly convex. Yellowish-brown. Pubescence simple. Metathoracic wings fully developed.

Head. Large eyes (L = 0.122 mm), normal, sub-hemispherical and protruding (E ≥ 1) with facets (E ≥ 1) smaller or as large as head punctures (Ø = 0.09 mm). Long antennae (Fig. 20) (L = 0.543 mm) surpassing the base of the pronotum. 1st antennomere thick and ovoid; 2nd as long as 1st but narrower; 3rd 1.1 times longer than 2nd; 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th almost identical and half as long as 3^rd; 9^th and 10^th transverse.

Pronotum (Figs 19, 21) convex and slightly transverse (RD = 1.9). Large callosity (1/3 as long as the side), not protruding from the lateral margin of the pronotum. Callosity side clearly visible from above. Gland pore visible. Callosity margin strong. Callosity forming an obtuse angle rearwards and a 26.62–27.99°angle with the body axis. Lateral margins converging towards the base. Posterior angles obtuse. Groove and basal foveae present. Strong and thick punctation, punctures separated by a shorter distance than their diameter (Ø = 0.013–0.016 mm).

Elytra with punctation thinner and more scattered than that of the pronotum. Punctures separated by a distance larger than their diameter (Ø =0.0 11–0.013 mm).

Aedeagus (Fig. 23) (L = 0.153 mm) apically extended. Basal third of lateral margins with a strong protuberance. Endophallic orifice visible. Endophallic armour made up of minute thorns. Parameres (L = 76.75 µm) (Fig. 22) triangular and very elongated. Two or three apical setae. Few pores with and without setae.

Biology

Some specimens have been captured on Senecio sp.

Distribution

Madagascar (Grouvelle 1896); Cameroon (Bruce 1952, 1959).

Figures 19–23.

Micrambe madagascariensis: 19 General view 20 antenna 21 pronotum 22 paramere 23 aedeagus.

Micrambe modesta (Grouvelle, 1906)

Figures 24–28

Micrambe modestus Grouvelle, 1906; Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr., 75: 141

Material examined

Madagascar. Fover Panda / Type (red card)/ Museum Paris; coll. A. Grouvelle, 1915 (white card)/ Micrambe modestus Grouv.; Micrambe modesta (MNHN)

Additional material examined

Madagascar. Andasibe (Perinet); 18°56'S; 48°25'E (DDM); 7.XI.1998, 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (leg. R. Muller) (TMSA). Madagascar C. 4 km N. Ambohimahamasoa (forest Fianaratsoa) 1200–1300 m; 22. III. 1996, 1 ♂ (leg. J. Janak and P. Moravec) (MHNG). Nr. Anjiro, 21. X. 1970, 1 ex (coll. P. Hammond) (BMNH).

Redescription

Length: 1.75 mm. Body oblong and convex. Yellowish grey-brown; in some specimens, darker head and pronotum. Simple pubescence, slightly lifted and greyish (L = 0.057–0.070 mm). Metathoracic wings fully developed.

Very transverse head (WL = 2.4–2.5). Pronounced and thick punctation; distance between punctures shorter than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.016–0.020 mm). Eyes conical, asymmetrical and protruding (E = 1.15). Eye facets smaller (Ø = 0.08–0.010 mm) than head punctures. Long antennae (Fig. 25) (L = 0.601 mm). 1^st antennomere thick; as long as 2^nd, which is ovoid; 4^th and 6^th identical and 0.7 times as short as 2^nd.

Pronotum (Figs 24, 26) slightly transverse (WL = 1.7). Anterior margin slightly rounded. Lateral margins almost parallel until middle area and from there on, converging to the base. Large callosity (1/3 of side length); clearly visible dorsally. Gland pore visible; forming an obtuse angle rearwards and a 30°–32°angle with the body axis. Posterior angles obtuse. Basal groove and foveae present. Punctures pronounced and dense, distance between punctures less than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.012–0.015 mm).

Elytra 3.0 times as long and 1.5 times as wide as the pronotum. Punctation finer and more scattered than that on the pronotum; distance between punctures greater than puncture diameter (Ø = 0.012–0.015 mm).

Aedeagus (Fig. 28) (L = 0.126 mm; A = 0.098 mm) apically extended. Visible endophallic orifice and membranous preputial groove. Protuberance present on the basal third of the lateral margins. Endophallic armour made up of small spines. Triangular parameres (Fig. 27) (L = 0.067–0.068 mm). Numerous pores without setae; bearing two long apical setae (L = 0.040–0.070 mm).

Biology

On Lobelia sp.

Distribution

Madagascar (Grouvelle 1906); Congo (Bruce 1959).

Figures 24–28.

Micrambe modesta: 24 General view 25 antenna 26 pronotum 27 paramere 28 aedeagus.

Micrambe reuninensis Lyubarsky, 2013

Figs 29–33

Micrambe reuninensis Lyubarsky, 2013; Lat. Entomol., 52: 61

No material examined

Description

(see Lyubarsky 2013).

Biology

Unknown.

Distribution

Réunion Island (Lyubarsky 2013).

Figures 29–33.

Micrambe reuninensis: 29 General view 30 antenna 31 pronotum 32 paramere 33 aedeagus (after Lyubarsky 2013, with changes).

Key to species

1	Simple pubescence. Unicolour antennae	2
–	Double pubescence. 9^th and 10^th antennomere dark. Large callosity (1/3 of side length); lateral margins in the shape of a regular curve until the base (Figs 1, 3). Aedeagus (Fig. 5) apically extended and widened in its basal half. Parameres (Fig. 4) elongated and triangular. Few pores either with or without setae. Two long apical setae. Length: 1.5–1.6 mm. Madagascar	apicalis Grouvelle
2	Small eyes, protruding (E = 1.0–1.2) and conical. Aedeagus (Fig. 28) apically extended. Visible endophallic orifice and membranous preputial groove; protuberance on the basal third of the lateral margins. Triangular parameres (Fig. 27) (L = 0.067- 0.068 mm). Length: 1.7 mm. Madagascar and Congo	modesta (Grouvelle)
–	Normal eyes, sub-hemispherical (Figs 6, 9, 14, 19, 29)	3
3	Large eyes (L = 0.122 mm), normal, hemispherical and protruding (E ≥ 1). Aedeagus (Fig. 23) apically extended. Basal third of lateral margins with a small protuberance. Endophallic orifice visible. Parameres (Fig. 22) triangular and greatly elongated. Two or three apical setae. Small size: 1.4–1.5 mm. L = 1.4- 1.5 mm. Madagascar and Cameroon	madagascariensis Grouvelle
–	Sub-hemispherical eyes. Larger size (≥ 1.5 mm)	4
4	Very convex body. Yellowish grey-brown	5
–	Body little convex. Dark grey-brown or ferruginous colour of head and pronotum. Aedeagus (Fig. 18) apically extended. Preputial sac with a thin membrane. Basal third of lateral margins with a small protuberance. Parameres (Fig. 17). Length: 1.6-2.1 mm. Réunion Island	leonardoi sp. n.
5	Yellowish grey-brown. 4^th segment of hind metatarsi small. Aedeagus apically extended. Endophallic orifice visible. Length: 1.9 mm. Madagascar	brevitarsis Bruce
–	4^th segment of hind tarsi similar in length to the remaining species of the genus	6
6	Large pronotal callosity (1/3 of side length), barely protruding from the lateral margin of the pronotum (Figs 9, 11). Lateral margins parallel and converging in their last third towards the base. Aedeagus (Fig. 13) apically extended. Endophallic orifice not visible. Parameres (Fig. 12) greatly elongated, triangular. Length: 1.8-2.0 mm. Madagascar, Réunion Island	consors Grouvelle
–	Smaller pronotal callosities (1/4 of side length), slightly protruding from the lateral margin of the pronotum. Lateral margins in the shape of a regular curve from the callosity to the base (Figs 29, 31). Aedeagus (Fig. 33). Parameres (Fig. 32) elongated and dilated on the base. Length: 1.5-1.9 mm. Réunion Island	reuninensis Lyubarsky

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to Drs. R. Booth (BMNH), W. Schawaller (SMNS), I. Löbl (MHNG), A. Taghavian (MNHN), L. Bartolozzi (MSNF), De Coninck ((RMCA), R. Müller (TMSA) and H. Schillhammer (NHMW) for the loan of the material which provided the basis for this study.

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